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          Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 8:38 AM 
        
          Subject: RE: candidate conversion incident...probably not 
      
        
        Marcia, 
      
        
        Sounds suspiciously like use 
        of scalar interferometry to form "fake" targets. 
      
        
        A radar does not track a 
        target; it tracks (hopefully) a signal reflected from that target or 
        that location. 
      
        
        Given a signal coming from 
        that location, radars will triangulate and show it as a "target". 
      
        
        No target is there, just a 
        signal. 
      
        
        Natural interferometry in 
        the earth sometimes does this in a fixed location. In the old Hawk 
        system, after I had the Hawk Evaluation Team at McGregor range, my very 
        best radar warrant officer went on site into a defense in the U.S. 
        Strangely, there was a point in the sky adjacent to their defense, a 
        point about15,000 feet high and out from their radars at some distance, 
        from which a steady radar return could always be had, night and day, 
        when illuminated by one of their radars. 
      
        
        The got an Army buddy in a 
        small Army aircraft to assist, and tracking both him and the "target", 
        they vectored him right through that point. Nothing at all (nothing 
        material) was there. 
      
        
        So they just used that damn 
        thing as a calibration point, to do range calibration of their radars. 
      
        
        We had a similar thing at 
        McGregor Range, where an illuminating radar would "noise lock" on a 
        geographical area. We would warn all training battalions we were 
        administering firing test to, to ignore this "make and break locking" 
        signal, as it was just some crazy geographical feature and not a real 
        target. 
      
        
        One day, just for the hell 
        of it, we vectored an Army chopper right onto the site and he landed on 
        top of it. Again, nothing was there except desert sagebrush and cactus. 
        But that damn noisy signal was there, day and night, and undoubtedly 
        still is. 
      
        
        Then one day, with a unit 
        ready to fire, I ordered the "Katy bird" (the aerial drone target which 
        was circling outside the range and waiting) in for the firing run. It 
        started in, and voila! Here comes another target, pretty as a picture, 
        and catches up to the drone and is flying along beside it. I immediately 
        called a "bogey on the range!) and ordered the Katy bird back into its 
        off-range orbit. It peeled off and did so, but the target continued 
        straight as an arrow toward our exact location. The big safety radar for 
        the range was going crazy; he had nothing on his radar at all, but I had 
        four radars -- two pulse acqs and two CW illuminators -- tracking that 
        beast and reporting continuously, all in agreement. 
      
        
        So me and about 20 Warrants 
        and technicians stepped out of our command area with our binoculars.  
        The "track" passed directly over us, with at least 20 pairs of eyes 
        scanning through binoculars. Nothing at all was to be seen.  The track 
        continued on a straight line right on off the range, eventually 
        disappearing in the distance. We never found out what the devil that one 
        was! 
      
        
        Anyway, there are some crazy 
        things with radars, but these ghost targets being reported don't look 
        like "false targets" due to slight radar malfunctions. Instead, they 
        look very suspiciously like those same jokers engineering our weather 
        just having an additional area of fun and games. Probably seeing what 
        the error rate of the controllers are, and upping that until they get a 
        mid-air collision or crash, etc. 
      
        
        I think I remember several 
        previous "ghost targeting incidents" from a couple or three years ago, 
        etc. 
      
        
        Cheers, 
      
        
        Tom 
      
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