| Subject: RE: the Sansbury
        experiment - have electrons a structures and  what is gravity? Date: Tue, 6 Nov 2001 17:36:06 -0600 Kevin,  I'm
          not familiar with the experiment, so only gave it a casual glance.  For
          the "light or no light", one has to turn to quantum
          electrodynamics quantum mechanics and other models, not just the
          classical theory of light flow.  Involved
          therein are the de Broglie waves, including two sometimes different
          velocities: (1) the single wave velocity, and (2) the group velocity. When
          you tamper with one of them, you affect the other.   As
          an example, in the standard two-slit experiment with photons, if you
          just cover one of the slits, you get a very small little distribution
          on the strike screen that shows that a "particle" of light
          went through the open slit and struck the screen. 
          Cover that slit and leave the other open, and you get the same
          type of "particle" pattern on the other end of the screen.  Now
          leave both slits open, and you get not the two previous patterns at
          all!  Instead, you get a
          pattern strongly suggesting wave interference; that the photon went --
          as a wave, not a particle -- through both slits simultaneously!  Now
          leave both slits open, until (at the speed of light from classical
          theory) the photon will have passed the region of the two slits
          already, but not yet reached the screen. 
          In other words, common sense would say that now we should get
          that "wave interference" pattern, since the
          "photon" must have already cleared the two slit region and
          be outside the two slit box. However, that is not what happens. 
          Instead, if you suddenly (instantly) cover one of the slits,
          you get the particle pattern as if through the other slit!  This
          is called the Delayed Choice Experiment. 
          It shows that, for quantum things, you can wait until after a
          "phenomenon in progress" would appear to have passed some
          stage but not yet been "observed", and you can still change
          what it will be when it gets "observed"!  Many
          explanations have been posited; I prefer the model that uses quantum
          interference and de Broglie waves.  The
          point is, you cannot consider the laser beam as just "light in
          transit" as if it were something fixed, a wavefront, etc.  And
          by the way, the standard wave-front moving in space illustration of an
          EM wave is horribly wrong, wrong, wrong anyway.  
            See  Robert
          H. Romer, then editor of AJP, "Heat
          is not a noun," American Journal of Physics, 69(2), Feb.
          2001, p. 107-109.  Editorial
          discussion by the Editor of AJP of the concept of heat in
          thermodynamics, where heat is not a substance, not a thermodynamic
          function of state, and should not be used as a noun. 
          In endnote 24, p. 109, he also takes to task "…that
          dreadful diagram purporting to show the electric and magnetic fields
          of a plane wave, as a function of position (and/or time?) that
          besmirch the pages of almost every introductory book. …it is a
          horrible diagram.  'Misleading'
          would be too kind a word; 'wrong' is more accurate." 
          "…perhaps then, for historical interest, [we should]
          find out how that diagram came to contaminate our literature in the
          first place."  So
          "simplicity" is not necessarily a valid criterion. 
          Nature can be very simple, and can also be very complex. 
          Often more complex than we think, and perhaps even more complex
          than we can
          think.  Everytime we think
          we have it "all figured out", nature turns around and
          demolishes our "perfect model" as if it were a house of
          cards.  Anyway,
          physics is not absolute, and neither are models. 
          No model is worth anything except with respect to its ability
          to make predictions.  We
          already know, from Godel's theorem, that no model is perfect and none
          ever will be.  In physics,
          e.g., there are four main models (at least) of the photon, all in
          disagreement.  But each
          applies well within its given area. 
          So physicists just "plug in and use" the particular
          one of those models that works in a particular set of conditions. 
          And they don't sweat the rest. 
          The same with the old controversy of "is it a wave or a
          particle?"  That
          question has no definitive answer, the physicists finally realized. 
          The question "When
          is it a particle and when
          is it a wave?" does appear to have a definitive answer. 
          At least for now, that's the best we understand.  For
          myself, I happily use any model that will fit the experiments that I'm
          interested in.  I really
          don't worry too much about some kind of "absolute" model. 
          In my personal view, any and all models are flawed and can be
          improved.  And the
          improved model will still have some flaws as we discover more
          phenomena, and then has to be improved. 
          And so on.  A
          lot of useless heat and energy has been expended in arguing models. 
          It's a rather useless endeavor. 
          Just use what works.  Best
          wishes,  Tom
          Bearden    |