| Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002
12:51:07 -0500
Dear Jurgen,
Then the
doubters need to reflect on what is already known macroscopically about
a toroidal coil. It very happily violates that "fuzzyness" as is
easily demonstrated in the lab, by localizing the B-field and its energy
inside the coils themselves, while forming that uncurled A-potential
outside the coil. Simple do some research on what is already known and
proven about toroidal coils. Now note that the toroid already violates
that ASSUMED fuzzy statistics, and it does it in the "big" macroscopic
world. Those opposed to the AB effect in the MEG effectively are
assuming that no toroid can do what it demonstrates every day, at any
time, without fail.
In science,
a single replicable experiment can invalidate any amount of theory
opposed to it. No amount of theory, regardless of how elegant, can
invalidate a single replicable experiment. The toroid is such an
experiment, totally negating the premise that the AB effect cannot be
obtained and utilized macroscopically as in the MEG. If we continue to
advocate theory already experimentally refuted and well known to be
refuted, we then advocate dogma and totally abandon the scientific
method. In science, the experimental result is supposed to be the
dominant judge. We are supposed to look for changes in the accepted
theory, if there exists experimental results refuting it.
Those who
advocate the "fuzziness continues and there is no real order at the
micro level; all is random there" are ignoring the stubborn problem of
the "missing chaos" in quantum mechanics. Quite simply, QM interpreted
purely statistically and without coherent ordering (the "missing chaos"
or "missing hidden order") does predict that the macroscopic world we so
easily observe and live in, does not exist. This is also a known
problem in quantum mechanics (again, one can check the literature on it;
it's fairly well discussed although a bit off the beaten path). That is
why some of the leading QM scientists have come up with alternative
theories to replace the Bohr interpretation. E.g., my favorite is Bohm's
hidden variable theory, because it is (at least in principle)
engineerable.
Further,
there is also a little problem in the "fuzziness" statistics due to
some very nice proofs that the second law of thermodynamics --- which is
in fact based on statistical mechanics and similar statistics to that
"fuzziness" --- already permits reversibility and thus total violation
of the second law of thermodynamics for the microscopic case (single
fundamental charge, single atom or molecule, and even for a few
molecules). That has been known for a very long time, and is recognized
and accepted.
Two
additional things have changed to further negate that ASSUMED extension
of fuzziness from the microscopic into the macroscopic world -- in
short, to negate any absoluteness of the second law of thermodynamics.
First,
some extraordinarily important work has been done by Prof. Denis Evans
et al. at the Australian National University, with a recent paper just
published in Physical Review Letters in July of this year. The second
law of thermodynamics has long been known and recognized not to apply
to microscopic things, such as a single charged particle, an atom or a
molecule, or even a group of a few molecules. But the conventional
dogma has maintained that the second law has absolute application from
there up, including for the entire macroscopic world. That assumption
is now totally falsified, in two steps.
Evans et
al. have rigorously and EXPERIMENTALLY extended the violation of the
second law to micron-sized entities and for up to two seconds ---
profoundly affecting what we've all been told for so long
is absolutely prohibited in nature. The key word here is
"absolutely". Nature will permit you to do anything you are clever
enough to discover how to do (in other words, if you can discover her
mechanism for it).
Note that
in the modern physics view an "isolated charge" is actually a
dipolarity. The "bare charge" (which is infinite, by the way) is
surrounded (clustered around) by virtual charges of opposite sign in
the vacuum, producing a well-known polarization of the vacuum and a
dipolarity. The virtual charge "shielding" or partially hiding the
inner "bare charge" is also infinite in magnitude. However, the
difference in the two infinite charges yields the finite and
conventional value of the charge -- the value printed in all the
handbooks and textbooks. All that is well known in quantum field
theory, to which those not liking such a startling thing are
referred. For a really readable account, check out Nobelist
Weinberg's book, Dreams of a Final Theory. Here's a direct quotation:
So a
single charge already involves a dipolarization and also infinite,
inexhaustible energy.
I added
my proposed solution to the source charge problem, based very solidly
on the proven broken symmetry of opposite charges and on the award of
the Nobel Prize to Lee and Yang in 1957. We now have the case where
electrodynamics --- all of it, to any macroscopic size whatsoever
including across the entire universe -- violates the second law of
thermodynamics. All charges exhibit (easily shown experimentally and
reluctantly recognized but kept well-hidden from the young grad
students and post docs) giant negentropy, continuously pouring out
real observable EM energy in all directions freely, and without any
observable EM energy input at all. That's known as the "source charge
problem" when it is even discussed. Conventional wisdom implicitly
assumes that every charge in the universe freely creates EM energy out
of nothing, continuously, pouring it out in all directions
continuously at the speed of light, thereby establishing its
associated fields and potentials and their energy across the
universe. In other words, the experimenter and the electrodynamicist
must explain and incorporate the mechanism that inputs the energy to
the charge, or else they are guilty of assuming the destruction of the
conservation of energy law by every charge in the universe.
Electrical engineering does just that, as also does classical
electrodynamics.
Thermodynamics already recognizes that the tiny charge can violate the
second law (law of increasing entropy and disorder), but adamantly
prohibits the precisely correlated giant macroscopic organization and
ordering of the resulting EM fields and potentials and their energy.
Yet the associated fields and potentials and their energy are
perfectly ordered, and are easily and universally and experimentally
demonstrated to be so ordered, even across the entire universe. It's
a standard assumption in all classical EM and electrical engineering
also. The fields and potentials are precisely ordered in magnitude at
each point in space as a function of the radial distance of that point
from the source charge, and they are precisely ordered in direction
for the vector fields and the vector potentials at each point also.
All electrical engineers have formulas assuming precisely that, and
allowing the calculation of the point-magnitude (actually, the
point-intensity) of the field and potential from a source charge.
Since all
EM fields and potentials and their energy comes from their related
source charges, and are very precisely correlated -- including across
the entire universe --- with the giant negentropy of that source
charge, then here we have the fact that all EM charges violate the
second law. All EM fields and potentials --- because of their precise
ordering and negentropy, precisely correlated to that source charge
--- also violate the second law in the "big world" including reaching
across the entire universe, etc.
In short,
electrodynamics itself shoots that ASSUMED fuzzy statistics holding in
the macro universe inviolable, right in the foot. The assumption that
the A-potential cannot be correlated and perfectly ordered in the
macroworld is refuted by direct experiment, and in fact by the mere
existence of electrodynamics in the macroscopic world.
All
electrodynamics thus is resoundingly based on, and constitutes a
shocking and total experimental demonstration of, complete violation
at any macroscopic size level desired of the second law of
thermodynamics. The second law is therefore revealed as only a useful
rule approximating a great many systems, but having no absolute
content at all. It was always a real piece of dogma. We have a paper
on our website dealing with that curtailment of the second law, and
citing all the references, experiments, etc.
You see,
the great advocates of "universal entropy" had one thing missing right
in front of their noses all along. You first have to have some order
(some energy), before you have ANYTHING TO DISORDER IN THE FIRST
PLACE, and before you can have "continuous disordering". In short,
the very concept of entropy is based on the implicit assumption that
negentropy has first occurred, and in at least the same degree as the
total disordering that will occur. If one assumes continuous
disordering in the universe, one has also implicitly assumed continual
re-ordering preceding it. The charge sits there and specifically
demonstrates the prior ordering and giant negentropy, and continuous
emission of energy (ordering), PRIOR to even having any EM field
energy and potential energy to disorder.
With the
source charge problem solution taken from particle physics (Nobel
Prize awarded to Lee and Yang in 1957, after Wu et al. proved broken
symmetry predicted by Lee and Yang), we now can easily prove the giant
and continuous negentropy of every charge in the universe, and prove
that every EM field, potential, and its energy is as a result of this
giant negentropy. It is also easily demonstrated experimentally. So
electrodynamics itself -- by its fundamental macroscopic ordering
and its very existence -- completely overturns any absoluteness
assigned to the hoary old second law of thermodynamics.
So the AB
effect is not just microscopic, but easily applies to any level
macroscopic reality one wishes to apply it to.
Again, the known performance of the toroid coil has proven it for
decades.
The work
by Dr. Denis Evans et al. also strongly establishes a solid basis for
my Time-Reversal Zone approach to cold fusion. In the book, I give
the exact nuclear reactions that generate the excess deuterium,
tritium, and alpha particles in so many successful cold fusion
experiments. I also explain the highly anomalous instrument
phenomenology long experienced and verified at U.S. Naval Research
facilities at China Lake.
Violation
of the second law allows "reactions" to run backwards, and Evans et al
have already strongly warned that this profoundly affects chemistry
and physical materials science. The
orthodox theory does not have any mechanism available to generate the
"flow of time" --- more accurately, the propagation of a mass or
charge through time. We discovered that one in 1971 while finishing
the MSNE at Georgia Tech. Once the mechanism generating the "forward
flow" or "entropic flow" is understood, then the mechanism for
reversing it to provide "reversed reaction flows" and therefore
"negentropic flows" is obvious. In the book we give the mechanism to
create that momentary little zone in solutions where the time-flow
mechanism (and a host of other reaction mechanisms) are reversed
(violate the second law permissibly, way under the umbrella proven to
exist by Evans et al.). In that momentary time-reversal zone
(reaction reversed zone), one of the reactions that is reversed is the
reaction governing the attraction or repulsion of charges. In that
TRZ, like charges attract and unlike charges repel momentarily. The
Coulomb barrier -- which is the only thing that has ever prevented
easy chemical transmutation of elements -- is reversed and becomes the
Coulomb attractor. Two H+ ions (two protons) e.g. are now attracted
to each other, so strongly that each enters the weakened strong force
region of the other, forming a quasi-nucleus (the two held together by
the strong force, even though its weakened). Then as the remaining
outside ions in the solution move to decay the TRZ, the TRZ decays, so
that the quasi-nucleus becomes increasing an excited state. However,
the strong force because of its exponential form recovers much more
rapidly than does the EM force, so the quasi-nucleus "tightens" as the
full strong force resumes, causing a quark (gluon forces were weakened
also, which was what weakened the strong force in the first place) in
one proton to flip, converting it to a neutron. So the preferred decay
method during decay of the TRZ is by quark flipping. The result was
the formation of a deuterium ion. Two deuterium ions attracted
together in a TRZ easily make a quasi-nucleus of an isobar of an alpha
particle. As the TRZ decays, this readily tightens into an He(4) ion,
thus producing an alpha particle. There are other reactions also, but
as can be seen, use of TRZs in a solution is permitted by
thermodynamics (because of the proven violations of the second law at
that level) and a dramatically new class of hundreds and hundreds of
nuclear transformation reactions become feasible and possible.
The point
is that macroscopic ordering and giant negentropy is already exhibited
to any size desired in electrodynamics, and that means it can also be
used in chemistry and chemical solutions, and in physical electrical
circuits. This very firmly implies that overunity systems can indeed
be built by using and applying that permissible and demonstrated
macroscopic correlation to the microscopic violation of the second
law, as represented by the AB effect.
That is
all the time I have available to devote to the subject. The rest can
be gathered from just reading the literature in those areas
specifically addressed.
Best
wishes,
Tom
Bearden
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 10:57:33 +0200 |