| Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 
      23:17:28 -0600  
        
        Dear Richard, 
        
          
        
        Yes, skeptism is 
        healthy, as long as it is not overdone to the point of dogma.  There ARE 
        a lot of wild claims in this "field that is not yet a field".  And yes, 
        ruling out the charlatans, many machines touted as being overunity have 
        wound up being bad measurements, etc., and were honest mistakes by their 
        inventors. 
        
          
        
        Nonetheless, several 
        real COP>1.0 systems exist right now.  All that I know of, however, need 
        at least one more year of intensive research and development -- 
        including the motionless electromagnetic generator of my associates and 
        I. 
        
          
        
        But there are also 
        legitimate experiments, in the hard physics literature, that any good 
        university physics (or optics) lab can do and that are overunity.  E.g., 
        the Bohren experiment outputs some 18 times as much energy as one puts 
        into it by normal Poynting calculations.  You can see the reference 
        yourself:  
        
        Craig F. 
        Bohren, "How can a particle absorb more than the light incident on it?" 
        American Journal of Physics, 51(4), Apr. 1983, p. 323-327. Under 
        nonlinear conditions, a particle can absorb more energy than is in the 
        light incident on it.  Metallic particles at ultraviolet frequencies are 
        one class of such particles and insulating particles at infrared 
        frequencies are another. See also H. Paul and R. Fischer, {Comment on 
        “How can a particle absorb more than the light incident on it?’},” 
        Am. J. Phys., 51(4), Apr. 1983, p. 327.  The Bohren experiment is 
        repeatable and produces COP = 18. 
          
        Another 
        recognized "overunity" experiment is anything that yields anti-Stokes 
        emission.  In that effect, the molecules or atoms add some energy to 
        what is input by the experimenter and absorbed, and so the emission is 
        greater than the input.  Indeed, unless there is some automatic 
        replacement of the extra energy given up by the atoms and molecules, it 
        becomes a "cooling" effect in the materials.  Can't power your house 
        with that, unless you add another effect which replenishes the energy to 
        the atoms and molecules that they gave up. 
          
        The 
        simplest and most universal, easiest COP>1.0 system is a simple charge. 
        Every charge (and dipole) in the universe pours out real EM energy, 
        after transducing EM energy it receives from the vacuum.  Now that much 
        particle physics already knows.  We'll add a bit: The negative 
        electrical charge receives virtual photon energy from the vacuum 
        (actually from the time domain) and pours out real EM energy in 
        3-space.  All the negative charges in the universe are doing that. 
          
        So why 
        isn't the universe filling with energy, as you suggested (good 
        insight!)?  Because the positive charge, being a time-reversed negative 
        charge, does exactly the opposite.  It absorbs real energy from 3-space 
        and transduces it back to virtual form (actually into time-energy along 
        the 4th axis), and "puts the energy back".
         
          
        So what 
        is really going on are incredible "circulations" of energy from the time 
        domain to 3-space to the time domain back to 3-space, and so on.  
        Remember, every negative charge in the universe forms a dipole with 
        every positive charge in the universe.  In my view, that "vast set of 
        energy circulations and interferences, etc." is precisely what the 
        vacuum "is" and what spacetime itself "is".  Identically. But physics 
        (and mathematicians) aren’t too ready for that yet.  (although in some 
        very modern theories, you start without space and time, and spacetime 
        arises out of the model from asserted more fundamental principles. 
          
        And yes, 
        I have seen quite a few real overunity systems.  The best one was the 
        Sweet vacuum triode amplifier (I named it for Sweet).  It had a COP = 
        1.5 x 10exp(6).  I also designed an antigravity experiment, and 
        convinced Sweet to do it (he had to modify the output of the machine).  
        It worked beautifully, and -- by sheer fluke -- we even got a paper 
        published.  On the paper, I placed Sweet's name first, because the VTA 
        was his invention, not mine. 
          
        Bedini 
        has build numerous COP>1.0 systems.  Golden in the 1970s build a couple, 
        one in particular where the vacuum itself was conditioned.  All provided 
        very puzzling but very interesting phenomenology, which had to be slowly 
        deciphered over the years. 
          
        Anyway, 
        the field is such that there are not yet really simple devices where one 
        can get a kit of parts from Radio Shack, put them together, and perform 
        an immediate and successful COP>1.0 experiment.  That is coming, but it 
        is not here yet. 
          
        The Kawai 
        patent does indeed work, but it's expensive to build a Kawai COP>1.0 
        motor.  You have to start with a very high efficiency magnetic motor 
        (such as are available from Hitachi, with efficiencies of 0.7 or 0.8).  
        Then you have to apply the Kawai process, and use electro-optical 
        coupling in your switching so you minimize the switching costs.  Doing 
        that, you can attain a COP approximately double the efficiency (in the 
        Hitachi labs, Hitachi engineers tested those two motors, modified by the 
        Kawai process, and independently obtained COP = 1.4 and COP = 1.6. 
          
        To show 
        you that there really is suppression, Kawai and his party came to the 
        U.S., here to Huntsville, to see me after I placed an explanation of how 
        his device worked, on the internet.  One of our little companies, CTEC, 
        met with him (the Board of Governors).  To our astonishment, after 
        several days with us, Kawai asked us to give him a proposal where we 
        would market the engines for him worldwide, and also build a lab here in 
        Huntsville for R&D.  We did, and he took it back to Japan.  Later he 
        returned again, and we began serious negotiations for four days.  On a 
        Thursday afternoon late, we reached agreement with Kawai.  He would 
        return to Japan, and ship a closed-looped engine, already developed, to 
        us.  We would have it certified by an impeccable scientific team and 
        test lab.  We would then set up marketing for most of the world, save 
        Japan. 
          
        That 
        night a jet arrived from Los Angeles, with a Yakuza on board.  The next 
        morning Kawai no longer controlled his company, his invention, or his 
        own fate.  The Kawai party was in fear and trembling.  The Yakuza coldly 
        dissolved the agreement, they packed up the two Kawai engines we had, 
        and left.  And that was that.  Several COP>1.0 power systems, already 
        developed, have been pulled off the market forcibly by the Yakuza, which 
        strongly penetrates the Japanese government and all large Japanese 
        companies, and has taken over the banking in Japan, including the 
        national bank.  The members of the CTEC board of governors directly 
        witnessed all this, so it's not just me telling a nice story.  Kawai's 
        U.S. patent is  Teruo Kawai, "Motive Power Generating Device," U.S. 
        Patent No. 5,436,518.  Jul. 25, 1995. 
          
        I believe 
        we have a very good chance to get the R&D finished on our MEG, since we 
        have made arrangements to have the research finished in a friendly 
        foreign country formerly dominated by the Soviet Union.  The work is 
        being done in the National Materials Science Lab, a part of the National 
        Academy of Science of that nation.  Their scientists and laboratories 
        are equal to those in the U.S., and some of the scientists have a better 
        education in electrodynamics, particularly in higher group symmetry 
        electrodynamics.  So we are hopeful that we will be able to start 
        introducing units on the market about a year from now.  Quite simply, we 
        will either succeed or we will fail.  But we will give it our very best 
        effort. 
          
        
        That, I think, answers 
        the gist of your E-mail.  I encourage you to be both a skeptic and also 
        open-minded.  That way one is neither naïve nor dogmatic, which is the 
        ideal scientific frame of mind. 
        
          
        
        Note that the AIAS 
        (Alpha Foundation's Institute for Advanced Study) successfully published 
        two papers on the MEG in a leading physics journal, Foundations of 
        Physics Letters.  The papers were vigorously refereed, I assured you.  
        One of the things I did was hang the skeptics on the source charge 
        problem, which is largely avoided in universities.  Every charge and 
        every dipole pours out energy in all directions at the speed of light.  
        This is easily shown, and is actually quite well known to foundations 
        scientists.   But there has been no solution to "where the energy comes 
        from", until we proposed a solution to it in 2000.  Nonetheless, it 
        hangs the skeptics who advocate there is no such thing as an open EM 
        system and therefore no such thing as COP>1.0 EM systems. 
         
        
          
        
        (1)    
        Either they have to explain an "outside environmental 
        source" of the energy being fed to the charge or dipole, from the vacuum 
        environment, or they have to assume that every charge and dipole freely 
        and continuously creates energy from nothing, and pours it out.  
        Experimentally it can be shown that there is no normal detectable EM 
        input, and that is already known.  So if it's not an open system, and 
        performing COP>>1.0, then every charge and dipole is the grossest kind 
        of perpetual motion machine, which destroys all notions of EM energy 
        conservation.  In that case, if energy conservation does not apply, then 
        one need not conserve EM energy in all EM systems.  Ergo, it is possible 
        to build a COP>1.0 system, since all charges and dipoles already are 
        such. 
        
        (2)    
        If the charge (or dipole) is an open system freely 
        receiving extra energy from outside 3-space, then that saves the 
        conservation of energy law.  But it also proves that a great number of 
        EM systems -- every charge and every dipole -- are already COP>1.0 
        systems.  That proves that it is possible to have COP>1.0 systems. 
        
        (3)    
        If one tries to deny that charges and dipoles are EM 
        systems, one destroys all electrodynamics, because the source charges 
        furnish all the fields and potentials used in electrodynamics, reaching 
        across all space.  Denying the source of the fields and potentials and 
        their energy, thus denies any and all electrodynamics. 
        
          
        
        A little more 
        sophisticated statement of the above is what overpowered the skeptics 
        (there were some very strong objections, as you might imagine, from 
        defenders of the faith).  Based on that and a couple of other things, 
        the referees overruled all the objections, and the journal published the 
        paper. 
        
          
        
        The references are:  
        M.W. Evans et al., 
        
        
        "Explanation of the Motionless Electromagnetic Generator with O(3) 
        Electrodynamics," Foundations of Physics Letters, 14(1), Feb. 
        2001, p. 87-94; ---- "Explanation of the Motionless Electromagnetic 
        Generator by Sachs's Theory of Electrodynamics," Foundations of 
        Physics Letters, 14(4), 2001, p. 387-393. 
        
          
        
        Another good, solid 
        reference is M.W. Evans et al., 
        
        
        "Classical Electrodynamics Without the Lorentz Condition: Extracting 
        Energy from the Vacuum," Physica Scripta 61(5), May 2000, p. 
        513-517. 
          
        
        Anyway, I think that 
        addresses the bulk of your letter, though I've also added a few comments 
        below. 
        
          
        
        Best wishes to you in 
        your studies, and in your path through life, 
        
          
        
        Tom Bearden 
        
          
        
        Comment:  We encourage 
        the friendly skeptic, who is openminded.  That way, one is neither naïve 
        nor dogmatic, but scientific.  You have precisely the right attitude. 
        
         
        
        The Bohren experiment 
        and building a Kawai motor, as stated above.  But unfortunately those 
        are expensive and difficult, and I doubt that you could do it at a high 
        school. 
        
        Have you 
        successfully built an overunity device, or seen one working? If not, how 
        can you be certain that it is possible to build them? I have read about 
        countless overunity devices that have been 'demonstrated' to work, but 
        no one ever seems able to reproduce them when it matters. Surely if an 
        investor saw a working prototype, they would be encouraged to spend? I 
        cannot believe that there is a conspiracy so far reaching as to prevent 
        private investors from even seeing them in action, if they exist. 
        
        I will have to be very 
        careful what I say here, because of patent rights etc. still 
        processing.  Let me put it this way:  A COP>1.0 system is in an excited 
        state, a priori, since it is in disequilibrium and therefore the entropy 
        has been reduced.  All such systems tend to decay (else a system would 
        excite, then excite again, etc. and build up on an exponential basis 
        until the universe exploded) and have decay mechanisms.  One of the most 
        difficult thing in my life has been to struggle for many years until we 
        finally uncovered the master decay mechanism for COP>1.0 EM systems.  
        Bedini and I have filed a patent application on a process which 
        overcomes that decay mechanism.  In short, one can "grab" or 
        "freeze-frame" a system in its COP>1.0 excited state, and LOCK it 
        there.  Then it will operate steadily and stably at COP>1.0.  Otherwise, 
        unless one has a "locking" and "stabilizing process" (there may be 
        others which we have not yet discovered), one cannot usually "hold" a 
        COP>1.0 system in that stable operation.  We have at least found how to 
        do that, by at least one major method.  And it works on the bench.  But 
        I cannot release details of that until much later this year, when our 
        intellectual property rights are secured.  I am putting it in my book, 
        to be published by World Scientific, and you can see it then.  I believe 
        it will be quite a surprise to overunity researchers and physics in 
        general.  It has some very startling applications, e.g., in cosmology, 
        one of which I will point out in the book. 
        
         
        
        ANS:  I gave one minor 
        example above.  We have encountered many others, of many types including 
        multiple assassination attempts.  I do not discuss these publicly.  But 
        we do have witnesses. 
        
          
        
        ANS:  We addressed 
        that above, and it is a very deep insight.  To see a young student do 
        that is a great delight and encouragement to an old dog like me.  That 
        is why I'm putting just about everything I know into this forthcoming 
        book.  I really want to pass the baton to younger, more vigorous, and 
        keener minds coming along.  God willing, they will be able to start from 
        where I'm at or think I'm at, and go forward.  If I can save them 30 
        hard years discovering that part, then they can just advance it much 
        further and get it done.  We'll try to do it, but if we fail, then 
        hopefully they will get it done anyway. 
        
         
        
        Ans.  A resounding 
        yes.  We have a successful lab experiment, although a bit tricky, but it 
        does work.  The National Materials science lab in that foreign country 
        had no difficulty in understanding the principle of the MEG's 
        operation.  Note that the major principle, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, is 
        a now well-known physics effect but is not in classical electrodynamics 
        or electrical engineering at all.  But the AB effect is even in 
        Feynman's 3 volumes of sophomore physics, from the 1960s.  We just found 
        a way to get it without having to input energy to pay for it. And then 
        we found out how to use it for power. 
        
          
        
        Comment:  Exactly the 
        proper attitude.  I too am very concerned about the fate of humanity, 
        and the fate of my own country.  I want my children, and my children's 
        children, and my neighbor's children etc., to have a decent (and better) 
        world to live in.  In my opinion, the fundamental "backbone" and basis 
        for a modern economy is cheap energy.  For the biosphere and health, we 
        must make it cheap CLEAN energy.  Every EM power system already takes 
        its energy from the vacuum, and we could indeed have cheap clean energy 
        if the scientific community would just release those sharp young grad 
        students and postdocs in our universities.  Let them study the problem 
        and work on it, for goodness sakes!   It is my job (hopefully) to give 
        them enough of a framework -- the concepts and principles, the beginning 
        hard references, etc. -- so that a legitimate theory of permissible 
        COP>1.0 EM power systems can be developed, scientifically.  The AIAS has 
        already done part of the theoretical modeling job; a lot more still 
        needs doing. 
        
        But it is beginning to 
        happen, and it is going to happen.  If not in my lifetime (I'm 71, and 
        suffering from moderate to severe hypoxia), then certainly in yours.  
        With a little luck, we will see the first units on the market in about a 
        year, from several inventors and their backers. 
        
        So I urge you to 
        continue steadfast in the thinking process you have started, and make 
        your own decisions and assessments.  Remember, no one is perfect.  All 
        my pencils still need erasers.  And I have made errors.  But I correct 
        them when I find them, and I admit them freely.  Anyone really trying to 
        do something of value, will make errors.  One hopefully learns from 
        one's mistakes, and continues. 
        
        No model, e.g., is 
        perfect -- Godel proved that long ago.  So no physics is perfect, no 
        electrodynamics is perfect.  One errs seriously in proclaiming something 
        an "immutable law" of nature!  All "laws of nature" are based on 
        symmetries at specific levels; all of which have broken symmetries where 
        that law is violated at that level, and becomes an enlarged symmetry (or 
        conservation law) at a higher level. 
        
        We have not yet 
        scratched the surface in science.  It has only just begun.  In the next 
        10 years, if we can hold the world together, we will see sciences emerge 
        that we have not yet dreamed of.  That is the real hope of the future, 
        along with the hope that the younger generation will have that vision 
        and bring it into fruition. 
        
          
        
        My pleasure, and 
        thanks for the kind words.  I encourage you not to debate with your 
        teachers and professors; simply hold your counsel, increase your depth 
        of knowledge, make your own decisions, and remain skeptical but 
        openminded --- and therefore scientific. 
        
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