- Uncharged spatial (massless) system vector
 
             
          - Chargeless mass system vector
 
             
          - Detection of "transverse" and
            longitudinal
 
            waves 
             
          - Charged mass system vector
 
             
          - The "charge" on an electron mass consists
            of a
 
             flux of virtual particles on and off the mass 
             
          - A test charge (charged mass) brought near a
 
            fixed charge (charged mass) experiences an  
            acceleration 
             
          - A charged mass system vector 
 
             
          - Repeating the "test charge" experiment
 
             
          - Charged spatial (massless) vector
 
             
          - Removing the bare particle (mass) from a
 
            charged particle leaves the charge.  The 
            vacuum is DEFINED AS the charge 
             
          - Assigning a spatial vector to the charged
 
            vacuum 
             
          - A "shadow vector" εs
 
             
          -  Substructures of a "zero
            resultant"
 
            spatial
            vector. (The substructures of 
            two
            zero vectors may be vastly different) 
         
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